“Longer durations of incarceration and multiple incarcerations were associated with progressively lower well-being.”

“In-prison health continues to influence individuals after prison and is associated with their odds of recidivating, thus contributing to the churning of individuals through the prison system.”

“Participation in any form of educational program leads to a 14.8% decrease in the likelihood of recidivism. This effect is slightly smaller at 11.3% when restricting the results to the highest quality papers. And when considering studies published since 2010, the estimates decrease to about 7%.”

“Widely implemented psychological interventions for people in prison to reduce offending after release need improvement. Publication bias and small-study effects appear to have overestimated the reported modest effects of such interventions, which were no longer present when only larger studies were included in analyses. Findings suggest that therapeutic communities and interventions that ensure continuity of care in community settings should be prioritised for future research. Developing new treatments should focus on addressing modifiable risk factors for reoffending.”